Religion freedom, persecution, inquisition, legal action, conviction and execution

In 1554, Sebastian Castellio (1515-1563) published his „De haereticis an sint persequindi”, a work based on the trial and execution of Servetus. He became known as a defender of religious tolerance in Western European countries. He advocated persecution of heretics and religious freedom and interpreted religious tolerance. Sebastian Castellio, in his treatise "On Heresy", addressed the problem of religious freedom and the persecution of religious tolerance. In the work, he proclaimed that heresy should not be punished with either ecclesiastical or civil penalties. Faith and religious beliefs are free and should not be coerced.  In making this statement, he referred to the Servet trial and its consequence. Who was right: Castellion or Calvin? Castellio was right, given the terrible jurisprudence. No one should have been condemned for the free expression of thought and opinion. As far as the teaching of the Church was concerned, Calvin was right. Michael Servetus was wrong in his opposition to biblical and ecclesiastical teaching. In the spirit of the 16th century, the spreading of his false teaching had to be stopped at all costs, and he had to be sentenced to death according to the legal custom of the time and the ecclesiastical laws.

ALBERT, ANDRÁS

ChatGPT, higher education, cognitive bias, VosViewer

In order to identify the use of ChatGPT in higher education, it is first necessary to describe the areas in which it can be used as a student in higher education. Then I briefly describe how ChatGPT works and its applications in education. This is necessary because, to be able to check the work of students as a lecturer, it is necessary to know the areas in which it can be used. After that, I introduce the cognitive biases in human-machine systems, namely the dangers of decisions made while using ChatGPT.

To give an adequate representation of the extent of interest in the use of ChatGPT in education, I present the number of publications in ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web Of Science databases for the keywords ChatGPT and education, which I also narrow down to the keyword higher education. Finally, I represent the difference between the answers given by ChatGPT and a visualization made with VosViewer in terms of research work.

SÓS, ESZTER

Political changes, media system, Hungarian electronic media, public service, media law

I have chosen the systemic changes, which took place within the system of the Hungarian electronic media as the topic of my doctoral dissertation. This change was not only a significant point of controversy of the first two parliamentary cycles, but straight after the first elections it accurately reflected the basic lines of division manifest in the Hungarian political space. Studying the basic differences between the bills submitted during the Antall government and the Horn government and how much the ideological divide between the prevailing governing parties became apparent are not devoid of interest either.

It is important to keep track of how the positions of the different parties changed in relation to the Media Act, depending on whether they were on the government or the opposition side of the negotiating table, also how the standpoints of the smaller opposition parties changed, as well as that of SZDSZ, which went through a significant political turnaround, since the role and hardly overrated influence of the free democratic politicians on the process of the elaboration of the law and shaping the political arguments are hardly debatable. The thesis pays special attention to the concept of public service, which was finally successfully created only by Act I of 1996, although the makers of earlier bills had also been concerned about the issue.

OROSZ, TÍMEA

Smart contracts, blockchain, European Union, regulations

Smart Contracts form a predominant tool for today's operations, and it is existing in practically all fields like health, banking, investments etc. It is an alternative that matches the rapidity, and the easiness required by the new era. But legal adjustments are needed to preserve the rights and confront the challenges that come with it.

HIBATALLAH, LOUKIL