Criminal Law
Cooperation Between the Russian Federation and the Visegrad Group Countries on Effort...
Counter-terrorism; organized crime; Visegrad Group; Russian Federation; law-enforcement cooperation; Europol
The article examines bilateral and institutional cooperation between Russia and the Visegrad countries in combating terrorism and transnational organized crime. It reviews relevant agreements, law-enforcement coordination, information exchange, terrorist financing controls, and cooperation with Europol, while calling for stronger operational and legal frameworks.
SMIRNOV, ANTON
The Legal Doctrine of Forgery and Fraud in Roman Criminal Law...
Roman law; forgery; fraud; falsum; counterfeiting; legal history
This study examines the legal doctrine and historical development of forgery and fraud in Roman criminal law, with special emphasis on counterfeiting. It explores how falsum, initially a broad concept of deceit, gained clearer legal contours through the Lex Cornelia de falsis and later imperial legislation. Using doctrinal, historical, and comparative methods, the paper analyses offences such as testamentary falsification, forgery of official documents, and monetary counterfeiting. Particular attention is given to the transformation of counterfeiting from a property-related offence in the Republic into a crime of laesa maiestas under the Empire, reflecting the growing centralization of monetary sovereignty and imperial authority. The study argues that Roman criminal law treated falsification not only as a punishable act but also as a threat to public trust in legal and economic institutions. By examining classical sources, including the Digesta, the Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum, and the writings of Ulpian and Paulus, the paper shows how Roman jurisprudence anticipated later European doctrines on state symbols, financial instruments, and deceit.
HOTTÓ, ISTVÁN
The Specifics of Juvenile Criminal Law in the Czech Legal System
Juvenile criminal law; Czech legal system; child-friendly justice; restorative justice; criminal liability
This study examines the specific features of criminal liability for juveniles in the Czech legal system, from both a historical and a contemporary legal perspective. It reviews the development of the legislation from Austrian criminal law traditions through the 1931 Juvenile Act and the regulations of the socialist era to the current Act No. 218/2003 on Juvenile Justice. The study focuses on a child-centered, educational, and restorative approach, which prioritizes the social reintegration, development, and restitution of harm caused by juveniles over retribution. The study analyzes the minimum age of criminal responsibility, the principle of relative accountability, and the assessment of intellectual and moral maturity. It presents the system of educational, protective, and punitive measures, as well as the principle of deprivation of liberty as a measure of last resort. Special attention is given to procedural safeguards, including juvenile courts, mandatory defence, restrictions on publicity, and the role of the Probation and Mediation Service.
VÁGI, KATA FRANCISKA
Child Pornography in Hungarian Criminal Law...
Child pornography; child sexual abuse material; artificial intelligence; criminal investigation; Hungarian criminal law
This article examines the Hungarian offence of child pornography from criminal-law, criminological, comparative-law, and technological perspectives. It outlines the development of the Hungarian legal framework under the influence of international and European norms, and compares it with the regulation in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan. The article also argues that the term paedophile is often used inaccurately in legal and public discourse, since not all offenders involved in child pornography cases fall within that clinical category. Against this background, it considers whether artificial-intelligence-based image recognition may assist criminal investigations involving child sexual abuse material. It concludes that such systems may be legally and practically useful in Hungary, provided that they remain subject to clear statutory regulation, meaningful human oversight, and strict data-protection safeguards.
KISS, ESZTER – CZEBE, ANDRÁS
Current issue
