Constitutional Law & Governance
The Legal, Religious, and Linguistic Status of Artificial Insemination...
Artificial insemination; embryo donation; reproductive medicine; bioethics; demographic policy; legal terminology
The article examines the legal, bioethical, religious, and linguistic status of artificial insemination, stored embryos, and embryo donation in Hungary. It connects reproductive medicine with demographic policy and proposes replacing the term “embryo donation” with “embryo gifting” to reshape public attitudes.
BÁGER, GUSZTÁV – LOVÁSZY, GÁBOR LÁSZLÓ
“Landscape After Battle” – On the Margins of the Hungarian Public Education Act
Public education; teachers’ rights; right to strike; educational autonomy; LGBTQ content; constitutional rights
Protests by teachers' and students' NGOs and civil disobedience movements have drawn attention to the fundamental deficiencies of the Hungarian public education system. The controversial so-called „Status Law”, which provoked intense debates, redefined the careers of teachers (called national career path model - see below) and the whole organisation of public educational system. The most significant dilemma of the legislation act is how to interpret the constitutional right to education and the autonomy of public education. In answering this question, it is necessary to point out the government's intention and the wide social/political debate that also emerged behind the government decree on child protection and has resulted in the exclusion of LMBTQ-themed learning materials from school textbooks. The latter has led to the need to wrap LGBTQ books in the youth literature section of bookshops. Why and how have education and child protection issues become politicised and ideologised in Hungary?
EGRESI, KATALIN
Administrative Adjudication in the History of the Development of the Country
Administrative adjudication; judicial review; administrative courts; legal remedies; rule of law; Hungarian legal history
Administrative adjudication is not unknown in Hungarian history. From the end of the 19th century until the middle of the 20th century, administrative courts, separate from the ordinary courts, exercised judicial control over the public administration. After the socialist takeover, the administrative courts were abolished and judicial control was relegated to the background, with judicial review, limited to an extremely narrow circle, being carried out by the ordinary courts. After the change of regime, with the rule of law coming to the fore, judicial redress became more prominent again and the idea of setting up administrative courts was again raised, but concrete steps in this direction had to wait until the mid-2010s. After lengthy legislative and constitutional work, the constitutional and legislative basis for the establishment of administrative courts was created by 2018, but as a result of EU and international pressure, they were not established.
KOZÁK, BETTINA
The History of the Unification Movement of Hungary from a Legal Pespective
Religious freedom; church registration; Unification Movement; religious equality; legal status; Hungary
There is currently only partial religious freedom in Hungary. One side it is violation of the freedom and equality of religions, the Act CCVI of 2011 openly denies the separation of religious and political institutions. According to this law, the vote of the political parties sitting in Parliament will decide on the recognition of incorporated churches in the future. On the other hand, the Unification Movement, along with many other small churches, can regain its church status if it can present the signatures of at least 1,000 members to the court registration process based on the new modified Act CCVI of 2011 which went into effect since 15 April 2019.
ZALAHEGYI, ZOLTÁN
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