Civil Procedure & Enforcement Law
Financial Correction Applied in Case of Irregularity
EU financial assistance; financial correction; irregularity procedure; structural funds; repayment; judicial review
The article examines financial corrections imposed for the improper use of EU structural and cohesion funds in Hungary. It analyses irregularity procedures, repayment obligations, available remedies, and the complex interaction between public-law authority and civil-law contractual relations.
SZABÓ, KINGA SZANDRA
Issues of Selling Movables Placed in a Public Warehouse by Auctions
Public warehousing; warehouse warrants; judicial enforcement; auction sales; property rights; creditor protection
The article examines the legal status of goods deposited in public warehouses during enforcement and auction proceedings. It analyses the separation of ownership and possession, the role of warehouse warrants, creditor protection, and the distinction between judicial and warehouse auctions under Hungarian law.
NÉMETH, GABRIELLA
The Role of Smart Courts and Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Consumer Protection...
Smart courts; artificial intelligence; consumer protection; access to justice; digital justice
This article examines how smart courts and artificial intelligence can strengthen consumer protection in civil law systems while also creating new risks for fair trial rights and equality before the law. It compares developments in the European Union, the United Kingdom, and China, focusing on online filing, virtual hearings, automated case management, AI-assisted document review, and judicial decision-support tools. The article argues that these technologies can improve access to justice for consumers by reducing delay, lowering costs, simplifying small claims procedures, and supporting cross-border dispute resolution. At the same time, it shows that algorithmic bias, black-box reasoning, automation bias, data protection concerns, and digital exclusion may undermine the very protective function that consumer law is meant to serve. The comparative analysis suggests that AI is most defensible in assistant functions, such as triage, translation, document organization, and procedural guidance, but is far more problematic when it approaches substantive adjudication. The article concludes that smart courts can contribute meaningfully to consumer justice only if they are designed around transparency, human oversight, inclusivity, and effective procedural safeguards.
OCHILBOEV, ABBOSBEK
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